% UTF-8 encoding % Compile with latex+dvipdfmx, pdflatex, xelatex or lualatex \documentclass[hyperref, UTF8]{ctexart} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{subfigure} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{caption} \newcommand{\volt}{{\rm V}} \newcommand{\source}{{\rm S}} \newcommand{\ampere}{{\rm A}} \newcommand{\ohm}{\Omega} \newcommand{\kiloohm}{{\rm k}\Omega} \newcommand{\watt}{{\rm W}} \newcommand{\kilowatt}{{\rm kW}} \title{电子学基础——第三次作业} \author{LXQ} \date{2019.09.30} \geometry{left=2.0cm, right=2.0cm, top=2.5cm, bottom=2.5cm} \linespread{1} \begin{document} \maketitle \paragraph{4-15}\label{4-15} 利用电源变换,求题图4-15所示电路的戴维南等效电路。 \begin{figure}[!htb] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.333\textwidth]{p4-15.png} \caption*{题图 4-15} \end{figure} \paragraph{解}如图所示,设干路电流为$I$,端口电压为$U$。记$\rm b$端为$0$电势点,其余各点电势如图所示。则可列写方程: \begin{gather*} U = R_2[I - I_{\source 1} - (I_{\source 2} + \frac{U-U_{\source 1}-U_{\source 2}}{R_1})] \\ \therefore U = \frac{R_2(U_{\source 1}+U_{\source 2}) - R_1R_2(I_{\source 1}+I_{\source 2})}{R_1+R_2} + \frac{R_1R_2}{R_1+R_2}I \end{gather*} 则戴维南等效电路如图4-15所示,其中 \begin{gather*} U_{\rm eq}=\frac{R_2(U_{\source 1}+U_{\source 2}) - R_1R_2(I_{\source 1}+I_{\source 2})}{R_1+R_2} \\ R_{\rm eq}=\frac{R_1R_2}{R_1+R_2} \end{gather*} \begin{figure}[!htb] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.120\textwidth]{p4-15-sol.png} \caption*{图 4-15} \end{figure} \paragraph{4-25}\label{4-25} 试求出题图4-25所示的二端网络的戴维南等效电路和诺顿等效电路。 \begin{figure}[!htb] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.353\textwidth]{p4-25.png} \caption*{题图 4-25} \end{figure} \paragraph{解}如图所示,设干路电流为$I$,端口电压为$U$。则可列写方程: \begin{gather*} i_R=I+i_{\source 1}+5i_R-i_{\source 2} \\ \therefore U = Ri_R = R \cdot \frac{i_{\source 1}-i_{\source 2}-I}{4} \\ \therefore U = \frac{R(i_{\source 2}-i_{\source 1})}{4} - \frac{R}{4}I \\ I = -\frac{4U}{R} - i_{\source 1} + i_{\source 2} \end{gather*} 则戴维南电路如图4-25 (a) 所示,其中 $$ U_{\rm eq}=\frac{R(i_{\source 2}-i_{\source 1})}{4}, R_{\rm eq}= - \frac{R}{4} $$ 诺顿电路如图4-25 (b) 所示,其中 $$ I_{\rm eq}= - i_{\source 1} + i_{\source 2}, S_{\rm eq}= -\frac{4}{R} $$ \begin{figure}[!htb] \centering \begin{minipage}[t]{0.179\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{p4-25-sol1.png} \caption*{(a)} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}[t]{0.210\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{p4-25-sol2.png} \caption*{(b)} \end{minipage} \caption*{图 4-25} \end{figure} \paragraph{4-45}\label{4-45} 题图4-45所示电路中,$\rm N$为无源线性电阻网络。当$R_2=2\ohm$, $U_\source=6\volt$时,测得$I_1=2\ampere$, $U_2=2\volt$。如果当$R_2=4\ohm$, $U_s=10\volt$时,又测得$I_1=3\ampere$,求此时的电压$U_2$。 \begin{figure}[!htb] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.387\textwidth]{p4-45.png} \caption*{题图 4-45} \end{figure} \paragraph{解} 设$1$号端口电压与电流分别为$u_1=U_\source, i_1=-I_1$(取关联参考方向,下同),$2$号端口电压与电流分别为$u_2=U_2, i_2=I_2$。$N$中各支路电压、电流、电阻为$u_k, i_k, R_k$。为易于区分,第二次测量的各物理量用hat符号标记。\\ 则由特勒根定理可知 \begin{gather*} \left\{\begin{aligned} \hat{u_1}i_1 + \sum_{k}\hat{u_k}i_k + \hat{u_2}i_2 &= 0 \\ u_1\hat{i_1} + \sum_{k}u_k\hat{i_k} + u_2\hat{i_2} &= 0 \end{aligned}\right. \end{gather*} 由于$\sum_{k}\hat{u_k}i_k = \sum_{k}R_k\hat{i_k}i_k = \sum_{k}u_k\hat{i_k}$,则上述两式相减并带入数值可得 \begin{gather*} 10\times (-2) + \hat{u_2} = 6 \times (-3) + 2 \times \frac{\hat{u_2}}{4} \\ \therefore \hat{u_2}=4\volt \end{gather*} \end{document}